Dispersion modeling uses mathematical formulations to characterize the atmospheric processes that disperse a pollutant emitted by a source. Influence of temperature, relative humidity and seasonal. Meteorological factors affecting causes and controls of air pollution e. Natural pollution by humans has increased to an unacceptable level we have polluted the air, the water, the land. Significant meteorological factors influencing air quality temperature solar radiation sunlight.
Increased populations, energy use, and industrial activity continue to generate pollutants that impact human health e. Based on emissions and meteorological inputs, a dispersion model can be used to predict concentrations at selected downwind receptor locations. Many atmospheric factors influence the way air pollution is dispersed, including wind direction and wind speed, type of terrain and heating effects. Transport and dispersion of air pollutants 5 there are basically two different causes of turbulent eddies. If the air is calm and pollutants cannot disperse, then the concentration of these pollutants. Influence of some meteorological factors on air pollution. The following outline is presented as an overview and topical guide to air pollution dispersion air pollution dispersion distribution of air pollution into the atmosphere. Factors affecting dispersion of pollutants in the atmosphere next. Once in the environment, air pollutants may be dispersed via air, water, soil, living organisms and food. Meteorology influencing springtime air quality, pollution. The influence of weather on ozone emission has been examined.
Air pollution dispersion air pollution global warming. The original measured concentration of nox, so2 and o3 pollutants in the city of isfahan are statistically analyzed in different time series. For example, wind speed can change the state of dispersion of the atmosphere, while the. The dispersion of the pollen taxa in the cca ordination. Factors influencing the variability of so 2 concentrations in istanbul. Meteorological factors affecting air quality the solution to pollution is dilution disperse the contaminants spread the contaminants around, keeping the levels below the toxic levels. Characteristics of dispersion models the accuracy of air pollutant dispersion models varies according to the complexity of the terrain and the availability of historic meteorological data. Meteorological factors affecting causes and controls of. This 12mile depth contains the air we breathe as well as the pollutants we. Factors influencing the spatial exten t of mobile source air pollution impacts. Some techniques for deriving objective fore casting aids and methods, 3643. Meteorological factors influencing the occurrence of air.
Definitions, sources, types and effects of air pollution 1. To better understand how atmosphere processes can affect ground level pollution, atmospheric conditions can be described simply as either stable or unstable, where the stability is determined by wind which stirs the air and heating. Meteorological factors environment, land and water. The artificial contaminants are the ones to which most attention has so far.
Wendell hewson university of michigan ann arbor, mich. Air quality dispersion modeling support center for. Study of the relationship of air pollution and individual meteorological variables may be misleading as it does not account for the interrelation between the variables, while air. This paper analyzes the factors that affect the diffusion of motor vehicle. Factors influencing the variability of so concentrations. Spatiotemporal variations of air pollutants in western. Meteorological factors can be divided into factors with direct effect velocity and direction of air. Effect of meteorological conditions on air pollution of. There has been growing interest among exposure assessors, epidemiologists, and policymakers in the concept of hot spots, or more broadly, the spatial extent of impacts from trafficrelated air pollutants. Effect of meteorological variables on air pollutants variation. Vehicle exhaust pollutants has become a major source of urban air pollution and it is of.
This study analyses the influence of temperature and relative humidity on ambient so 2, no x, rspm, and spm concentrations at north chennai, a coastal city in india, during monsoon, postmonsoon, summer, and pre. Influence of meteorological parameters on urban and. Wind roses depict frequency of winds from various directions and classes of speed. Rates and patterns of dispersion also depend to a large extent upon environmental conditions. Meteorological factors that increase air pollution include. Atmospheric dispersion modeling is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse in the ambient atmosphere. Pdf effects of meteorological factors and air pollution on urban. The concentration of air pollutants in ambient air is governed by the meteorological parameters such as atmospheric wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and temperature. Meteorology and dispersion modeling air quality and meteorology primary metrological parameter wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability secondary metrological parameter sunlight temperature precipitation and humidity topography energy from the sun and earths rotation drives atmospheric circulation. It offers the theoretical and empirical bases of frequently used dispersion models while emphasizing the limitations and uncertainties inherent in these models. The latter generally exercise a decisive effect on the spread of pollutants. It is well known that, in general, the air pollution concentrations have a close relationship with meteorological factors.
Factors influencing the spatial extent of mobile source air pollution impacts. Meteorological factors influence air pollution levels. Original research characterization of air pollution index. Transport and dispersion of air pollutants 17 temperature z dalr 18 ocw upvehu 2016 air pollution 3. Meteorological factors affecting particulate air pollution of a city. Atmospheric transport and dispersion of air pollutants.
If the air is calm and pollutants cannot disperse, then the concentration of these pollutants will build up. These air quality models are used to determine compliance with national ambient air quality standards naaqs. Mathematical model for the study effects of meteorological conditions on dispersion of pollutants in air diyala journal of engineering sciences, vol. One simple classification would specify contaminants as natural or artificial. However, 95% of this air mass is within 12 miles of the earths surface. The minutescale variations of fine particulate matter pm2. The concentration of pollutants associated with moving vehicles is determined by several factors. While both of themareusuallypresentinanygivenatmosphericcondition,either mechanicalorconvectiveturbulenceprevailsovertheother. The impact of meteorological factors on fine particulate. Secondary pollutants take time to form and may not affect the immediate vicinity of the pollutant source. The present study demonstrates different effects of. Pollution dispersal in the air is affected by many factors.
However, the dominant meteorological factors influencing air pollution varied in each of the cities in terms of season, time scale, and level of. Meteorological potential experience and investigation have shown that wind speed and atmospheric stability are the weather elements which may be considered as the primary meteorological factors that determine the dilution of air pollutant in the lower atmosphere niemeyer, 1960, bijendra rai etal. Introduction meteorological factors have an important effect on the amount of pollution in the atmosphere. Meteorological factors environment, land and water queensland. The dispersion models are used to estimate the downwind ambient concentration of air pollutants or toxins emitted from sources such as. When the atmosphere is stable the air near the surface does not mix with the air higher aloft. On the other hand, when strong, turbulent winds blow. Meteorological and urban landscape factors on severe air.
In this study, the relationship between monitored outdoor air quality data and meteorological factors, such as wind speed, relative humidity ratio and temperature, is statistically analyzed, using the code spss. We found that wind speed, temperature inversion, and 31 the height of the planetary boundary layer are main factors influencing pm 2. Studies on the meteorological aspects of air pollution. At times natural air pollu tion may be increased artificially by. Influence of meteorological parameters on air pollution in. Estimation of the main factors influencing haze, based on. Perspective air pollution is not a new problem pollution sources can be divided into two main classes 1.
Dispersal of air pollutants european environment agency. Among many climatic factors, the most important is in the dispersion, transformation and removal of air pollutants from the ambient atmosphere. Air quality is a growing environmental concern in many regions across the globe. Meteorology and air pollution the earths atmosphere is about 100 miles deep. That thickness and volume sometimes are suggested to be enough to dilute all of the chemicals and particles thrown into it. So any study of air pollution should include a study of the local weather patterns meteorology. Meteorological factors affecting causes and controls of air pollution. Samson university of michigan definitions of transport and dispersion 78 meteorological parameters 78 scales of motion 81 transport and dispersion. We have carried out a comprehensive analysis of six air pollutants particles with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2. It is worthwhile to examine the measuring of air pollution, its sources, types and effects and the role of meteorology in air pollution very briefly. The meteorological data analysis is focused on the meteorological parameters that influence pollutant dispersion such as wind speed and direction, mixing layer depth, solar radiation and temperature, as a result of these studies, the quantitative relationships between air pollution and various meteorological. It is performed with computer programs that include algorithms to solve the mathematical equations that govern the pollutant dispersion. The most common inversion type is radiation inversion and occurs when the earths surface cools rapidly. Identification of factors affecting air pollution by dust.
Theory and applications 82 near field 82 urbanscale transport and dispersion 88 regionalscale transport 89 summary 1 92 summary of research recommendations 93 air pollution, the. Measurement results demonstrate a synchronous variation of pollutant concentrations at the roadside and setbacks, and the average concentration of pm2. Shenfeld air management branch department of energy and resources management, toronto 1. Factors influencing the spatial extent of mobile source. Role of meteorology on urban air pollution dispersion. Pdf the presence of biological particles and nonbiological pollutants in the. For example, increased absolute humidity and temperature. Influence of meteorological conditions on pollutant dispersion in. The acceptability of the results of dispersion models varies with the experience and viewpoint of the modeler, the regulator and the intervener. Temperature and solar radiation affect the quantities of pollutant emitted by their influence on. Meteorological factors influencing the occurrence of air pollution. It concerns itself mainly with dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer, which is that portion of the atmosphere where the direct effect of the surface on heat. Generally, the degree to which air pollutants discharged from various sources, concentrate into a particular area depends on meteorological conditions.
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